Key climate drivers have synched up sufficiently for the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) to officially declare a La Nina weather event in the Pacific Ocean.
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Historically, La Nina events are correlated with wetter than average conditions in many parts of Australia, especially eastern, northern and central regions.
La Nina is part of a cycle known as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a naturally occurring shift in ocean temperatures and weather patterns along the equator in the Pacific Ocean.
BOM head of operational climate services Andrew Watkins said that during La Nina waters in the central or eastern tropical Pacific become cooler than normal, persistent south-east to north-westerly winds strengthen in the tropical and equatorial Pacific, and clouds shift to the west, closer to Australia, leading to increased rain over the continent.
Dr Watkins said the La Nina event was correlated with the likelihood of a wetter than average wet season in areas of the country with summer dominant rainfall.
He said much of the nation could expect a cooler and wetter summer as a result of the event.
"La Nina increases the chance of cooler than average daytime temperatures for large parts of Australia and can increase the number of tropical cyclones that form," Dr Watkins said.
He said the phenomenon was playing a role in the big November wet currently hitting much of eastern Australia and parts of SA.
However, La Nina is not the sole climate driver playing a role in the tropical moisture making its way across the country.
University of Southern Queensland climate sciences lecturer Christa Pudmenzky said the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO), which is a climate driver that circles the globe, was also conducive to higher rain over Australia.
Unlike ENSO the MJO is not fixed and moves around with phases lasting for 30-60 days.
Dr Watkins said this year's La Nina would be the second consecutive year we have seen the event.
"La Nina also occurred during spring and summer of 2020-21," he said.
"Back-to-back La Nina events are not unusual, with around half of all past events returning for a second year."
In terms of predicted strength Dr Watkins said this year's event is not likely to be as strong as the 2010-12 event and may even be weaker than in 2020-21 La Nina event.
However, he said this did not mean it would not be as wet as last year, saying there were other factors that influenced the short-term weather.
"Every La Nina has different impacts, as it is not the only climate driver to affect Australia at any one time," he said.
He said the La Nina was likely to persist until at least the end of January 2022.
Gregor Heard
Gregor Heard is ACM's national grains industry reporter, based in Horsham, Victoria. He has a wealth of knowledge surrounding the cropping sector through his 15 years in the role. Prior to that he was with the Fairfax network as a reporter with Stock & Land. Some of the major issues he has reported on during his time with the company include the deregulation of the export wheat market, the introduction of genetically modified crops and the fight to protect growers better from grain trader insolvencies. Still involved with the family farm he is passionate about rural Australia and its people and hopes to use his role to act as an advocate for those involved in the grain sector.
Gregor Heard is ACM's national grains industry reporter, based in Horsham, Victoria. He has a wealth of knowledge surrounding the cropping sector through his 15 years in the role. Prior to that he was with the Fairfax network as a reporter with Stock & Land. Some of the major issues he has reported on during his time with the company include the deregulation of the export wheat market, the introduction of genetically modified crops and the fight to protect growers better from grain trader insolvencies. Still involved with the family farm he is passionate about rural Australia and its people and hopes to use his role to act as an advocate for those involved in the grain sector.
